Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2024 To enhance the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system (ESS) and optimize its economic efficiency, this paper proposes a novel approach based on the enhanced whale algorithm. . Battery energy storage (BES) has short cycle life, complex maintenance, and long power response time, while superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) has the features of high conversion efficiency, fast speed of response, and long service life. Thus, combining SMES with battery energy storage. . Due to the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy generation, the safe and stable operation of the power system is affected, leading to issues such as frequency deviations in the grid and voltage exceeding limits during grid connection. Firstly the life model based on the battery capacity ð C Þ, charging current ð Ic Þ, and discharge current ð Id Þ is built. Secondly, the deep learning method is used to. .
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