Based on the Buck–Boost equalization circuit, the pulse width modulation (PWM) drive signal duty ratio is adjusted to improve the equalization speed and efficiency. The SOC is estimated
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In this paper, we propose a battery equalization circuit and control strategy to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
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Unlike the research on equalization circuit architectures, studies on equalization control strategies are far from mature. This paper, for the first time, presents a critical summary and analysis
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With the developed model, we identify the necessary conditions for all equalization systems to achieve balance through controllability analysis, offering valu-able insights for selecting the number of
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Our V series battery pack is designed to provide safe, high-performance energy storage solutions for a variety of applications. The compact and easy-to-install battery pack can be used as a basic building
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In light of these issues, this paper presents a comprehensive review of passive, active, and dynamic equalization technologies. It analyzes the circuit topologies and control strategies
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First, the equalization necessity of battery packs connected in series and parallel is analyzed. Second, the characteristics of different types of equalization variables, topologies, and
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Then, various active equalization circuits are analyzed and compared, and dynamic equalization for a second-life battery is introduced to enrich this review of equalization technology. Finally, the above
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To address the challenges of the current lithium-ion battery pack active balancing systems, such as limited scalability, high cost, and ineffective balancing under complex unbalanced
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The proposed equalization circuit is shown in Fig. 1, which is based on the optimized Cuk active equalization circuit. It is suitable for many battery cells connected in series, and the circuit
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